Neurorehabilitation is an interdisciplinary field in neurology and physical and rehabilitation medicine. It is a comprehensive therapeutic approach aimed at patients with disease or damage to the nervous system. It is an active process that improves the quality of life, supports the functional and cognitive recovery of the patient, and, with the active support of the therapist, helps to adapt to new conditions and integrate successfully and fully into the social environment.
Modern neurorehabilitation is based on the theory of neuroplasticity – also known as brain plasticity – the ability of the brain to change throughout an individual's life, such that brain activity associated with one function can be transferred to another location. As early as 1762, the Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in his book Emile, or on Learning that the organization of the brain is affected by our experience and that we need to "exercise" our senses and mental faculties as we exercise our muscles you are Human beings change throughout their lives because of their "improvement potential."
The goal of this approach is to aid in the recovery of the nervous system from the injury, to reduce or compensate for the functional changes that result, and to help the patient regain the optimal level of functional independence possible while improving their overall physical, emotional, and social state.
Neurorehabilitation is suitable in the treatment of:
- Vascular disorders such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, subdural hematoma and transient ischemic attacks
- Infections such as meningitis, encephalitis, polio and brain abscesses
- Trauma, brain and spinal cord injury
- Structural or neuromuscular disorders such as Bell's palsy, cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumors, peripheral neuropathy, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Functional disturbances, such as headache, dizziness and neuralgia
- Degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease
Neurorehabilitation is designed to meet the patient's needs depending on the specific problem or disease that may cause weakness, impaired balance, reduced mobility, and this limits and reduces the patient's ability in his daily activities. Limited physical activity caused by certain neurological conditions can also lead to impaired heart and lung function, fatigue, and in some cases social isolation.
Неврорехабилитацията помага да се подобри качеството на живот на болния и неговото семейство. Активното им участие е важно за успеха на терапевтичната програмата. В лечебния план се използват специфични подходи като Bobath therapy, PNF, огледална терапия и други невростимулиращи, улесняващи и специфично ориентирани методи насочени да подобрят баланса, координацията, равновесието, постуралния контрол, походката, силата, както и цялостната функционална активност и участие на болния.
Neurorehabilitation is aimed at stimulating the skills and capabilities of people with disabilities, at the level of participation and activity. It encourages them to work at the most optimal level of independence possible. In this way, it helps them to restore their self-esteem, their positive attitude towards the new conditions of organizing the activities of everyday life, to adapt and be full.
